Pressure vessel

Pressure Vessel is a container designed to hold gases or liquids at very different pressures than atmospheric pressure . Pressure vessels can be dangerous and fatal accidents have occurred in the history of their development and operation. As a result, pressure ship design, production, and operation are regulated by engineering executives backed by law. 

 For these reasons, the definition of pressure vessel varies between countries. Design includes maximum safe operating pressure and parameters such as temperature, safety factor, corrosion allowance, and minimum design temperature (for brittle fractures). Construction is tested using non-destructive testing such as ultrasonic testing, radiography, and pressure tests. Hydrostatic tests use water, but pneumatic tests using air or other gases . Hydrostatic test is preferred, because it is a safer method, less energy is released when fractures occur during the test (unlike gases like air, water does not rapidly increase its volume when depressed).In many countries, ships of a certain size and pressure need to be formalized. In the United States, the code is ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC). In Europe, the Code is the Pressure Equipment Directive .The information on this page is only valid in ASME. The vessels also require an official inspector to sign each new container of construction, and the maximum working pressure, maximum temperature, minimum design metal temperature, date of which company made it, date, its registration number (via the National Board) and each vessel General  Lounge ASME Official Seal (U-Stamp) for pressure vessels. The nameplate makes this ship discoverable and officially an ASME code ship.

History

In the book Leonardo da Vinci, Codex Madrid I, the earliest documented design of pressure vessels was described in 1495 in., In which a container of pressurized air was theorized to lift heavy underwater. However, vessels To be like those used today did not come about until the 1800s, when steam was generated in boilers helping to spur the industrial revolution. However, with poor material quality and production techniques, including inaccurate information on repairing design, operation, and maintenance, there are widespread harmful and often deadly explosions associated with these boilers and pressure vessels, which result in almost daily death in the joint. States.Local supplements and states in the United States began to apply rules for the construction of these ships. Dozens of people died at a time after failures on certain destructive ships, making it difficult for manufacturers to follow different rules from one place to another. The first pressure vessel code was Start developing in 1911 and released in 1914, starting the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC). In an early effort to design a tank capable of resist pressures up to 10,000 psi (69 MPa), a 6-inch (150 mm) diameter tank was developed in 1919 that was spirally-wound with two layers of high tensile strength steel wire to prevent sidewall rupture, and the end caps longitudinally strengthen with lengthwise high-tensile rods. The required for high pressure and temperature vessels for petroleum refineries and chemical plants gave rise to vessels joined with welding instead of rivets (which were unsuitable for the Pressure and temperature) and welding was included as an acceptable means of construction in the BPVC in the 1920s and 1930s; Welding is the main means of joining metal characters today.. There have been many advancements in the field of pressure vessel engineering  such  as  advanced non-destructive testing examination, phased array ultrasonic testing and radiography, new material grades with increased oxidation resistance and stronger materials, and new ways to join materials such as explosion welding, friction stir welding, advanced theories and means of more accurately assessing the stresses encountered in vessels such as with the use of Finite Element examination, allowing the vessels to be built safer and more efficiently. Today, ships in the USA require BPVC stamping, but BPVC is not just a domestic code, many other countries have adopted BPVC as their official code. Some countries, such as Japan, Australia, Canada, Britain and Europe, have other official codes. Regardless of the country, almost all pressure channels recognize the potential dangers and requirements of standards and codes that regulate their design and construction.